What primary benefit does the buffer program offer to downstream estuaries and lakes?

The primary benefit of the buffer program in relation to downstream estuaries and lakes lies in the reduction of nutrient loads. Buffers, often comprised of vegetation such as native plants, act as a filtering system. They absorb excess nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from runoff before these substances can enter aquatic ecosystems. Excessive nutrients can lead to problems such as algal blooms, which can deplete oxygen in the water and harm aquatic life.

By effectively reducing the availability of these nutrients, buffer zones play a crucial role in maintaining the health of ecosystems in estuaries and lakes. Healthier ecosystems promote biodiversity, improve water quality, and sustain the recreational and economic activities that depend on clean water resources. Thus, the buffer program is instrumental in protecting these environments from nutrient pollution and its detrimental effects.