How does denitrification improve water quality?

Denitrification plays a crucial role in improving water quality by converting nitrate into nitrogen gas. This process effectively reduces nitrogen pollution, which is a significant environmental concern. When excess nitrates are present in water bodies, often due to agricultural runoff and wastewater discharge, they can contribute to harmful algal blooms and eutrophication, leading to decreased oxygen levels in the water and harming aquatic life.

Through denitrification, bacteria in the soil or sediments utilize nitrates for their metabolic processes and ultimately convert them into nitrogen gas (N₂), which is then released into the atmosphere. This transformation helps to mitigate the impacts of nitrogen enrichment in aquatic systems, promoting better water quality and healthier ecosystems.

In contrast, other choices do not contribute positively to water quality. Increased nitrate levels would exacerbate pollution issues, while enhancements in nutrient solubility do not directly address nitrate pollution. Additionally, while organic matter removal can be beneficial, it does not specifically relate to the process of denitrification.